软件包：estscan（3.0.3-6 以及其他的）

ORF-independent detector of coding DNA sequences

ESTScan is a program that can detect coding regions in DNA sequences, even if they are of low quality. ESTScan will also detect and correct sequencing errors that lead to frameshifts. ESTScan is not a gene prediction program , nor is it an open reading frame detector. In fact, its strength lies in the fact that it does not require an open reading frame to detect a coding region. As a result, the program may miss a few translated amino acids at either the N or the C terminus, but will detect coding regions with high selectivity and sensitivity.

ESTScan takes advantages of the bias in hexanucleotide usage found in coding regions relative to non-coding regions. This bias is formalized as an inhomogeneous 3-periodic fifth-order Hidden Markov Model (HMM). Additionally, the HMM of ESTScan has been extended to allows insertions and deletions when these improve the coding region statistics.

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